During the reign of Eärendur, King of Arnor his sons were in open discord, which erupted into civil war after Eärendur's death in T.A. 861. Amlaith, the true heir to the throne of Arnor, was opposed by his two brothers. Unable to resolve the situation, he was reduced to ruling the region of Arthedain (his brothers created the kingdoms of Cardolan and Rhudaur to the south and east).

A very ancient settlement of men in Eriador, long established by the time of the Third Age of Middle-earth. After the collapse of the kingdom of Arthedain, Bree continues to thrive without any central authority or government for many centuries.

A successor realm of the Dúnedain kingdom of Arnor.

The domain of the immensely tall and giantlike, treeish Ents. It is named after the oldest Ent, Fangorn (Treebeard), or perhaps it is named for him.

Or the Grey Havens was an Elvish port on the Gulf of Lune in the northwest, used to build ships and sail to the Undying Lands

The name Rhudaur appears to be dialect Sindarin for "Eastern Forests", and indeed Rhudaur was the most easterly of the three kingdoms in Eriador, stretching from the Weather Hills with Weathertop (Amon Sûl) to the river Bruinen (Loudwater). It shared a long border with Cardolan along the Great East Road, and with Arthedain along the line of the Weather Hills.

One of the last homes of the elves. Ruled by Elrond the Half-elven. Called Imladris in the elven tongue and also known as the Last Homely House East of the Sea. A house of wisdom and learning.